Health and wellbeing of staff working at higher education institutions globally during the post-COVID-19 pandemic period: evidence from a cross-sectional study

Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Das, Pritimoy; Lam, Louisa; Alif, Sheikh M.; Sultana, Farhana; Salehin, Masudus; Banik, Biswajit; Joseph, Bindu; Parul, Parul; Lewis, Andrew; Statham, Dixie; Porter, Joanne; Foster, Kim; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Cross, Wendy; Jacob, Alycia; Hua, Susan; Wang, Qun; Chair, Sek Ying; Chien, Wai Tong; Widati, Sri; Nurmala, Ira; Puspaningsih, Ni Nyoman Tri; Hammoud, Majeda; Omar, Khatijah; Halim, Muhammad Abi Sofian Abdul; Gamal-Eltrabily, Mohammed; Ortiz, Georgina; Al Maskari, Turkiya Saleh; Al Alawi, Salwa Saleh Mohammed; Al-Rahbi, Badriya Saleh; Arulappan, Judie; Ahmad, Akhlaq; Al Laham, Nahed; Mahmud, Ilias; Alasqah, Ibrahim; Noorbhai, Habib; Chang, Shao-Liang; Chen, Yi-Lung; Comlekci, Mehmet Fatih; Basol, Oguz; Saddik, Basema; Hayman, Rick; Polman, Remco

doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19365-1

Table 2 Predictors for job insecurity among the study participants (based on the JIS scale)

From: Health and wellbeing of staff working at higher education institutions globally during the post-COVID-19 pandemic period: evidence from a cross-sectional study

Characteristics	No job insecurity (total score 1–3)		Job insecurity (total score 4–5)		Unadjusted analyses			Adjusted analyses#
Characteristics	n	%	n	%	p	ORs	95% CIs	p	AORs	95% CIs
Total study participants	2004		349
Age groups
18–29 years	188	82.82	39	17.18		Ref		Not selected in the multivariate model
30–59 years	1638	85.54	277	14.46	0.276	0.81	0.56–1.17
≥ 60 years	138	84.15	26	15.85	0.728	0.91	0.53–1.56
Gender
Male	756	86.2	121	13.8		Ref		Not selected in the multivariate model
Female	1219	84.89	217	15.11	0.385	1.11	0.87–1.41	Not selected in the multivariate model
Highest educational/vocational qualification
Certificate/Diploma/Trade qualifications	182	87.1	27	12.92		Ref		Not selected in the multivariate model
Bachelors level	455	85.53	77	14.47	0.584	1.14	0.71–1.82
Masters level	630	83.33	126	16.67	0.190	1.34	0.86–2.10
Doctoral level	721	860.04	117	13.96	0.695	1.1	0.69–1.71
Duration of work
< 5 years	422	82.1	92	17.9		Ref			Ref
6–10 years	414	83.47	82	16.53	0.565	0.91	0.65–1.26	Not selected in the multivariate model
> 10 years	1120	86.89	169	13.11	*0.009*	*0.69*	*0.52–0.91*	0.032	0.77	0.61–0.98
Current living status
Live without family members (on your own/shared house)	305	80.26	75	19.74		Ref			Ref
Live with family members (spouse/partners/siblings/children)	1671	86	272	14	*0.004*	*0.66*	*0.49–0.88*	Not selected in the multivariate model
Types of job
Teaching	384	85.91	63	14.1		Ref			Ref
Research	358	80.45	87	19.55	*0.030*	*1.48*	*1.03–2.11*	0.025	1.37	1.04–1.81
Admin	836	85.39	143	14.61	0.798	1.04	0.76–1.44	Not selected in the multivariate model
Leadership	426	88.36	56	11.62	0.260	0.8	0.54–1.18	Not selected in the multivariate model
Types of appointment
Professional/Admin	778	85.68	130	14.32		Ref			Ref
Academic (Teaching and/or Research)	1116	84.29	208	15.71	0.367	1.12	0.88–1.41	< *0.001*	*2.45*	*1.78–3.37*
Leadership	106	92.17	9	7.83	0.06	0.51	0.26–1.02	Not selected in the multivariate model
Levels of appointment
Lecturer	293	84.2	55	15.8		Ref			Ref
Senior Lecturer/Assistant Professor	394	87.36	57	12.64	0.202	0.77	0.52–1.15	Not selected in the multivariate model
Associate Professor	188	93.07	14	6.93	*0.003*	*0.39*	*0.21–0.73*	0.023	0.51	0.29–0.91
Professor	215	89.58	25	10.42	0.063	0.61	0.37–1.02	Not selected in the multivariate model
other	850	82.52	180	17.48	0.474	1.12	0.81–1.57	< *0.001*	*2.66*	*1.93–3.68*
Current employment condition
Full time	1665	86.49	260	13.51		Ref			Ref
Part time	339	79.21	89	20.79	< *0.001*	*1.68*	*1.29–2.19*	*0.003*	*1.53*	*1.15–2.02*
Self-reported co-morbidities
No	1097	87.48	157	12.52		Ref			Ref
Single co-morbidity	504	86.9	76	13.1	0.727	1.05	0.79–1.41	Not selected in the multivariate model
Multiple co-morbidities	403	77.65	116	22.35	< *0.001*	*2.01*	*1.54–2.62*	< *0.001*	*1.86*	*1.41–2.48*
Self-reported co-morbidities
No	1097	87.48	157	12.52		Ref			Ref
Mental health issue	221	75.43	72	24.57	< *0.001*	*2.28*	*1.66–3.12*	0.046	1.41	1.01–1.98
Other co-morbidity	686	85.11	120	14.89	0.125	1.22	0.95–1.58	Not selected in the multivariate model
Current smoking
Never smoker	1538	85.78	255	14.22		Ref		Not selected in the multivariate model
Ever smoker (Daily, Non-daily, Ex)	466	83.21	94	16.79	0.137	1.22	0.94–1.58	Not selected in the multivariate model
Increased smoking over the last 6 months
No	75	85.23	13	14.77		Ref		Not selected in the multivariate model
Yes	137	83.03	28	16.97	0.652	1.18	0.58–2.41	Not selected in the multivariate model
Current alcohol drinking
No	794	84.74	143	15.26		Ref		Not selected in the multivariate model
Yes	1210	85.51	205	16.49	0.610	0.94	0.75–1.19	Not selected in the multivariate model
Increased alcohol drinking over the last 6 months
No	684	85.82	113	14.18		Ref		Not selected in the multivariate model
Yes	109	78.99	29	21.01	*0.040*	*1.61*	*1.02–2.54*	Not selected in the multivariate model
Physical activity for at least 30-min in the past week (days)
None	409	83.64	80	16.36		Ref		Not selected in the multivariate model
1–3 days	964	85.77	160	14.23	0.271	0.85	0.63–1.14
4–7 days	629	85.46	107	14.54	0.385	0.87	0.63–1.19
Experience related to COVID-19 pandemic
No known exposure to COVID-19	1339	85.89	220	14.11		Ref		Not selected in the multivariate model
Tested positive for COVID-19	663	83.82	128	16.18	0.182	1.18	0.93–1.49	Not selected in the multivariate model
Symptoms of long COVID
No	1379	86.79	229	14.24		Ref		Not selected in the multivariate model
Yes	555	83.84	107	16.16	0.242	1.16	0.9–1.49	Not selected in the multivariate model
Doses of COVID vaccine taken
None	47	83.93	9	16.1		Ref		Not selected in the multivariate model
Double	555	87.4	80	12.6	0.458	0.75	0.36–1.59
Triple or more	1399	84.48	257	15.52	0.911	0.96	0.46–1.98
Last checked/measured blood pressure
Never checked blood pressure	141	81.03	33	18.97		Ref		Not selected in the multivariate model
Checked within last 6 months	1227	85.8	203	14.2	0.095	0.71	0.47–1.06
Checked > 6 months ago	559	85.34	96	14.66	0.165	0.73	0.47–1.13
Last checked/measured blood lipid profile
Never checked blood lipid profile	544	82.55	115	17.45		Ref			Ref
Checked within last 6 months	697	86.8	106	13.2	*0.024*	*0.72*	*0.54–0.96*	*0.003*	*0.59*	*0.42–0.84*
Checked > 6 months ago	683	86.24	109	13.76	0.053	0.75	0.57–1.00	Not selected in the multivariate model
Last checked/measured blood sugar
Never checked blood sugar	397	82.88	82	17.12		Ref		Not selected in the multivariate model
Checked within last 6 months	841	86.7	129	13.3	0.053	0.74	0.55–1.00
Checked > 6 months ago	687	84.92	122	15.08	0.333	0.86	0.63–1.17
Last visited a healthcare provider for general health assessment
Never visited for general health assessment	327	85.6	55	14.4		Ref			Ref
Visited within last 6 months	850	84.75	153	15.25	0.690	1.07	0.77–1.49	0.039	1.36	1.02–1.82
Visited > 6 months ago	753	85.76	125	14.24	0.940	0.99	0.70–1.39	Not selected in the multivariate model
Perceived burnout (Burnout scale categories)
No (score 1–4)	1485	89.24	179	10.76		Ref			Ref
Yes (score 5–7)	515	75.29	169	24.71	< *0.001*	*2.72*	*2.16–3.44*	< *0.001*	*1.99*	*1.54–2.56*
Perceived status of own mental health
Poor to Fair	385	73.06	142	26.94		Ref			Ref
Good to Excellent	1576	88.89	197	11.11	< *0.001*	*0.34*	*0.26–0.43*	< *0.001*	*0.47*	*0.36–0.61*
Levels of psychological distress (K10 categories)
Low (total score 10–15)	573	92.57	46	7.43		Ref			Ref
Moderate to Very high (total score 16–50)	1392	82.61	293	17.39	< *0.001*	*2.62*	*1.89–3.63*	*0.004*	*1.68*	*1.18–2.39*
Levels of coping (BRCS categories)
Low resilient copers (score 4–13)	783	81.39	179	18.61		Ref		Not selected in the multivariate model
Medium to High resilient copers (score 14–20)	1162	88.23	155	11.77	< *0.001*	*0.58*	*0.46–0.74*	Not selected in the multivariate model

^#stepwise logistic regression method was applied, and variables were selected as significant level p < 0.05 in the univariate analyses and p < 0.01 in the multivariate analyses

Back to article page

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com

You are viewing the site in preview mode

Table 2 Predictors for job insecurity among the study participants (based on the JIS scale)

BMC Public Health

Contact us